bRi“‡ji Mí wbm‡M©i wewPÎZv
dRjyj nK Zzwnb
c„w_exi BwZnv‡m wbmM© ev cÖK…wZi me©e¨vcx f‚wgKv me©Rb ¯^xK…Z Ges gvby‡li BwZe„‡Ë Zvi Dcw¯’wZ Acwinvh©| Aw¯—‡Z¡i Rb¨ cÖK…wZi Kv‡Q gvbyl AvkÖq, Aej¤^b, DcKiY †hgb Av`vq K‡i †bq; †Zgwb †m wbm‡M© Luy‡R cvq wbR¯^ `„wófw½, wek¦vm, b›`b‡eva, m„wói cÖiYv, myi-Q›`, iO-iƒc-†iLv, jovB‡qi mvnm, AcivR‡qi g‡bvfve| AvaywbK bvMwiK K¬vš—-kÖvš— gb Kíbv K‡i, Luy‡R †d‡i Avivg-Av‡qk-†mŠ›`‡h©i AvkÖq ev †¶Î| †m iPbv K‡i wbmM© wb‡q bv›`wbK cO&w;³gvjv, fve‡Z ïi“ K‡i `k©bPP©vi RvqMv| GBme wPš—v-†PZbv-aviYv ev `„wófw½ g~jZ cwðgv c„w_ex‡Z ev¯—evq‡bi c‡i Z…Zxq wek¦ ev Gwkqv-Avwd«Kv I jvwZb Av‡gwiKvq Av‡ivc Kiv nq Dcwb‡ek bvgK †Mvjvwg e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g| e½‡`‡k Z_v fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k weªwUk Dcwb‡ek ¯’vcb, weKvk I e¨vwßi c‡i mgvR, ms¯‹…wZ, `k©b I mvwnZ¨ †¶‡Î cÖK…wZ m¤úwK©Z HwZn¨ev`x a¨vb-aviYv-Ávb AcvO&‡Zq n‡q c‡o| cwð‡gi †Pv‡L †`Lv n‡Z _v‡K wbmM©‡K, we‡j‡Zi †jLK‡`i †ivgvw›UK `„wó‡Z wjwLZ n‡Z _v‡K evOjv mvwnZ¨| d‡j evOjv‡`‡ki †jLK n‡qI A¼b K‡ib BD‡iv‡ci wbm‡M©i g‡Zv cÖvK…wZK f‚‡Mvj| evOjvi cÖvK…wZK ˆewkó¨ hrmvgvb¨ ¯’vb cvq mvwn‡Z¨, †c‡jI Zv ïay †mŠ›`‡h©i Dcv`vb, Drm I cUf‚wg wn‡m‡e| G †¶‡Î gaym~`b, iex›`Öbv_ I wZwi‡ki †jLKiv AMÖMY¨ f‚wgKv iv‡Lb| KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg wewPÎ fw½‡Z cÖK…wZ wPÎY K‡ibÑ KLbI †ivgvw›UK, KLbI ev¯—e, KLbI Df‡qi wgkÖ‡Y| cieZ©xKv‡j RmxgD`&`xb I Avj gvngy` evOjvi wbm‡M©i cÖK…Z cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib|
bRi“j g~jZ Kwe I m½xZ e¨w³Z¡| KweZvq I Mv‡b wZwb evOjvi †`ªvnx I †cÖgx `k©‡bi kw³gvb iƒcKvi, Abb¨ mvaviY cÖwZfv; Jcwb‡ewkKZvi evB‡i wbR¯^, ¯^vaxb I AvÍewjô mËvi AwaKvix wn‡m‡e wPi¯§iYxq| G †¶‡Î Zvi cÖvK…wZK cUf‚wg memgq evOjv‡K AbymiY K‡i‡Q|
Mímvwn‡Z¨ bRi“‡ji AvMgb KweZvi m‡½ m‡½; wKš‘ wZwb ¯^fveRvZ Kvi‡Y M‡íi w`‡K †ewk `~i hvbwb| Zvi †gvU wZbwU MíMÖš’ †ewi‡q‡QÑ e¨_vi `vb (1922), wi‡³i †e`b (1924), wkDjxgvjv (1338)| wZbwU MÖ‡š’ †gvU 18wU Mí Av‡Q| cÖ_g `ywU eB `yB eQ‡ii e¨eav‡b Ges †k‡liwU cÖvq `k eQi c‡i cÖKvwkZ nq| Kwei cÖv_wgK Zxeª Av‡eMvbyfe, `ytmvnm I wPËPvÂj¨ cÖ_g `ywU MÖ‡š’ cwijw¶Z| wkDjxgvjv †ek cwiYZ I msnZ Abyf‚wZi eB| wbmM© Zvi M‡í G‡m‡Q g~jZ wel‡qi cÖvmw½KZvq| wi‡³i †e`b I wkDjxgvjvq cÖK…wZ Dcgv-iƒcK-Dr‡cÖ¶v ev wPÎKí wn‡m‡e e¨enƒZ| c„_Kfv‡e we¯—…Z eY©bv Av‡mwb| Z‡e e¨_vi `v‡b wbmM© Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q wekvj c‡U, wecyj Hk¦‡h© I Ac~e© ˆewP‡Î¨| GB MÖ‡š’ cÖK…wZ Avjv`v gwngvq `xwßgq|
†QvUM‡íi wkí‡mŠKh©, MVb‰kjx ev fvlvixwZi w`K †_‡K e¨_vi `vb AbyËxY© iPbv ejv hvq| wKš‘ Mí¸‡jv cv‡V cvV‡Ki gb f‡i I‡V Awbe©Pbxq Avb‡›` I †e`bvq| Ab¨ GK c„w_exi Ab¨ cwi‡ek, Ab¨ gvbyl, ms¯‹…wZ I cÖK…wZi ˆewPΨgq mgv‡ek N‡U‡Q GLv‡b| evOjvi evB‡i wfb †`‡ki wfb wbm‡M©i mÜvb evOjv mvwn‡Z¨ G‡Kev‡iB bZzb|
cÖ_g wek¦hy‡× hvÎv, hy‡×i cÖwk¶Y, Ae¯’vb I bvbv †`‡ki gvbylR‡bi m½jvf I wfbœ cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki AwfÁZv AR©b Ges Amvgvb¨ eY©bv bRi“‡ji Mí‡K ¯^vZš¿¨ I bZzbZ¡ w`‡q‡Q| evOvwj †jL‡Ki Ggb Awfbe m„wó wek kZ‡Ki evOjv mvwn‡Z¨ bZzb gvÎv hy³ K‡i‡Q| bRi“‡ji M‡íi GB bZzbZ¡ I Avcb ¯^fv‡ei wKQy `„óvš— :
K. AvOz‡ii Wuvkv †_vKv¸‡jv i‡m Avi jve‡Y¨ Xj&-Xj& Ki‡Q cix¯—v‡bi wb‡Uvj-¯^v¯’¨ †lvokx ev`kvRv`x‡`i gZ| bvkcvwZ¸‡jv ivwO‡q D‡V‡Q my›`ix‡`i kig-iwÄZ wnOzj Mv‡ji gZ| im-cÖvPz‡h©i cÖfv‡e Wvwj‡gi `vbv¸‡jv †d‡U †d‡U †ewi‡q‡Q wK‡kvix‡`i Awfgv‡b-ù‚wiZ UzKUz‡K Ai“Y Aa‡ii gZ| †c¯—vi cyw®úZ †¶‡Z eyj&eyj;‡`i bI‡iv‡Ri †gjv e‡m‡Q| [e¨_vi `vb, e¨_vi `vb]
L. cvnvo †K‡U wbS©iUv †Zgwb eB‡Q, †Kej hvi †g‡n`x-ivOv‡bv c`-†iLv GLbI Ii cv_‡ii ey‡K †jLv i‡q‡Q, †mB †nbv Avi †bB| t ZLb Avgvi g‡b nj GZ w`‡b wn›`yKz‡ki P‚ovUv †f‡O coj| my‡jgvb ce©Z DLwo‡q †Mj| [†nbv, e¨_vi `vb]
M. Avwg fvewQjvg, Ggwb K‡iB eywS †g‡N Avi gvby‡l K_v KIqv hvq| Ggwb K‡iB eywS I-cv‡ii weinx h¶ †gN‡K `~Zx K‡i Zvi we‡”Q`-weayiv wcÖqZgv‡K ey‡Ki e¨_v RvbZ! Avgvi †fRv-gb ZvB Kv‡jv †gN‡K eÜz e‡j wbweo Avwj½b Ki‡j! [ev`j-ewil‡Y, e¨_vi `vb]
N. †m wQj Ggwb GK Puv`bx-PwP©Z hvwgbx, hv‡Z Avcwb `wq‡Zi K_v g‡b n‡q gg©Z‡j `i‡`i m„wó K‡i| gw`i †Lvk&-eyi gv`KZvq gwjKv-gvjZxi gÄyj gÄixgvjv gjq gvi“Z‡K gvwZ‡q Zz‡jwQj| DMÖ iRbxMÜvi D`vm myevm Ae¨³ ARvbv GKUv †kvK-k¼vq e¶ f‡i Zz‡jwQj| [Ny‡gi †Nv‡i, e¨_vi `vb]
O. Avt AvR Avi‡ei Dj½ cÖK…wZi ey‡K-gy‡L †gNgy³ ïå‡R¨vrøv c‡o Zv‡K GK ïK¬embv mbœ¨vwmbxi gZ †`Lv‡”Q| G †`‡ki GB †R¨vrøv GK Dc‡fvM Kievi wRwbm| c„w_exi Avi †Kv_vI eywS †R¨vrøv GZ Zxeª Avi cÖLi bq| †R¨vrøv ivw·Z †Zvjv Avgvi d‡Uv¸‡jv †`‡L †KD wek¦vm Ki‡e bv †h G¸‡jv †R¨vrøv‡jv‡K †Zvjv d‡Uv| wVK †hb kir cÖfv‡Zi †mvbvwj †ivÏyi| [wi‡³i †e`b, wi‡³i †e`b]
P. `~‡i wnRj Mv‡Qi Zjvq Av‡iv `ywU †PvL Avjv-ivLvi K…lvY-g~wZ©i w`‡K ZvwK‡q †mw`bKvi cÖfv‡Zi †gN&jv; AvKv‡ki gZB ev®úKzj n‡q DVjÑ [wR‡bi ev`kv, wkDjxgvjv]
bRi“‡ji GBme M‡íi cUf‚wg AwaKvsk evOjvi evB‡i| M‡íi PwiÎvejxi gvbmcÖK…wZ AZ¨š— Av‡eMNb, ms‡e`bkxj I Rxeš—| ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb I cÖwZw`‡bi mgvR cÖwZ‡e‡ki evB‡ii NUbvejx M‡íi AvL¨vb| M‡í e¨enƒZ cÖK…wZ M‡íi cU, PwiÎ, AvL¨vb I cUf‚wgi m‡½ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e wg‡k Av‡Q| e¨_vi `v‡b AwaKvsk M‡íi cUf‚wg we‡`kx; cÖ_g wek¦hy‡× bRi“‡ji evOvwj cë‡b hy‡×i cÖwk¶Y, ˆmwbK Rxe‡bi AwfÁZv, wfbœ cÖvK…wZK Ave‡n w`b hvcb †jLK‡K cÖejfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i| e¨_vi `vb M‡íi ¯’vb †Mv‡j¯—vb ev Bivb; d‡j †mLvbKvi gi“gq wbm‡M©i ˆewkó¨ cÖKvwkZ; MíKvi †ejywP¯—vb I AvdMvwb¯—v‡bi cvnvo, gi“f‚wg, evMvb, gi“`¨vb, R½j BZ¨vw`‡K Kve¨gq fvlvq iƒc w`‡q‡Qb| Ô†nbvÕ M‡íi cUf‚wg fv`y©b‡UªÂ, d«vÝ, wmb b`xb avi, c¨vwi‡mi cv‡ki Nb eb, †ejywP¯—v‡bi †Kv‡qUvi `ªv¶vKzÄ, Kveyj BZ¨vw`i ˆbmwM©K Ae¯’vb I `„k¨vejxi m‡½ M‡íi cvÎcvÎx wg‡k Av‡Q| cvnvo, cvnvwo wbS©i, b`x I ZxieZ©x wbmM© evOvwj cvV‡Ki †Pv‡L bZzb‡Z¡i ¯^v` RywM‡q‡Q| Ôev`j-ewil‡YÕ MíwUI Avjv`v GK cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡k iwPZ; KvwjÁ‡i ÔKvRix DrmeÕ‡K †K›`Ö K‡i M‡íi bvqK-bvwqKvi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© I cwiYwZi ga¨ w`‡q el©vi GK AmvaviY, g‡bvig I B›`ÖxqNb iƒcvejx Aw¼Z| el©vi ev`jv wbmM© Avi M‡íi Pwi‡Îi g‡bvfw½ †hb GKB m~‡Î Muv_v| ÔNy‡gi †Nv‡iÕ M‡íi ¯’vb Avwd«Kv, mvnvivi gi“`¨vb-mwbœwnZ K¨v¤ú I exif‚‡gi gq~‡ik¦i| M‡íi NUbvejx I PwiÎ †mBme †`‡ki cÖvK…wZK f‚‡Mv‡ji m‡½ GKxf‚Z n‡q †M‡Q|
e¨_vi `vb MíMÖš’wU bRi“‡ji †ZBk eQi eq‡m †jLv| GB eq‡mi GKRb †jLK ga¨cÖvP¨, BD‡ivc I Avwd«Kvi †cÖ¶vcU Ges cÖvK…wZK f‚‡Mv‡ji cwicvk¦© eY©bvq wKfv‡e Mí wbg©vY Ki‡jb, †mUv ixwZgZ Afvebxq I we¯§q RvMvwbqv e¨vcvi| me ˆbmwM©K wPÎKí †h wZwb cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Qb Zv wKš‘ bq; wKQy AwfÁZv wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi m‡½ hy³, evwKUv Kíbv, A‡b¨i Kv‡Q †kvbv; A_©vr GK wewPÎ AwfÁZv Kv‡R jvwM‡q evOjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨ bZzb GK gvÎv ms‡hvRb NUvb bRi“j| d‡j Avš—R©vwZKZv I ˆewk¦K cwiw¯’wZi ms¯úk© jv‡M Zvi M‡í|
GB cÖK…wZ A¼b m¤ú~Y© cvj‡U hvq wi‡³i †e`b I wkDjxgvjvq| Ab¨ wek¦ †_‡K evOjvq cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i M‡íi wbmM©| Z‡e e¨_vi `v‡bi g‡Zv cÖvK…wZK cÖvP‚h© GB `ywU eB‡q †bB, Avjv`v eY©bv †bB; Av‡Q ¯^vfvweK e¨envi| AwaKvsk RvqMvq e¨enƒZ n‡q‡Q Dcgv, Dr‡cÖ¶v, iƒcK, wPÎKí ev cÖZxK wn‡m‡e| GBme Avj¼vwiK fvlvfw½ MíKvi cÖ‡qvM K‡ib evOjv I evOjvi evB‡ii cÖK…wZ †_‡K| wi‡³i †e`b bvgMíwU cÖ_g wek¦hy‡× evOvwj hye‡Ki hvÎvKvjxb Av‡eMvbyf‚wZi m‡½ evOjvi cÖK…wZi ¯ú›`b; hyׇ¶‡Î AevOvwj gvbe-gvbexi m¤ú‡K©i msK‡U I wfbœ cÖvK…wZK cUf‚wgKvq iwPZ| exif‚g, bvbœyi, mvjvi, gaycyi, jv‡nvi, †cwi‡q †bŠ‡kiv, Kzw`©¯—vb, Kvievjv, AvwRwRqv BZ¨vw` ¯’v‡b hy‡×i NUbv cÖevn I gvbweK AvwZ©i cvkvcvwk †mBme RvqMvi wewPÎ cÖvK…wZK `„k¨vejxÑ ï®‹-i“¶ gi“f‚wg, D`¨vb, gi“e„¶, weivU weivbf‚wg evOjvi M‡í Awfbe‡Z¡i Avg`vwb| Ô†g‡ni-†bMviÕI †mB hy‡×i †cÖw¶‡Z AvdMvwb¯—v‡bi cUf‚wg I ˆbmwM©K wPÎvejx‡Z †jLv; Ômuv‡Si ZvivÕ M‡í Avie mvM‡ii ZxieZ©x AÂj Ges Ôiv¶zmxÕ exif‚‡gi MÖvgxY Rxeb I wbm‡M©i `„k¨K‡í iwPZ; Z‡e Ô¯^vgxnvivÕ I Ômv‡jKÕ Mí `ywU evOjvi cÖvK…wZK `„k¨vejx‡Z wbwg©Z| cÖK…Z A‡_© e¨_vi `v‡bi m¤cÖmviY n‡jv wi‡³i †e`b eBwUÑ fvee¯‘, fvlv‰kjx I cÖK…wZ A¼‡bi cÖeYZvbymv‡i| Avi wkDjxgvjvi me¸‡jv M‡í †jLK evOjvi Rxeb I cÖK…wZ‡Z wd‡i Av‡mb| we‡klfv‡e ÔcÙ-†MvL&‡ivÕ, ÔAwMœwMwiÕ I ÔwR‡bi ev`&kv;Õ Mí¸‡jv‡Z evOjvi MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi cÖeYZv, †jvKwek¦vm-ms¯‹vi, cwi‡ek Ges cÖvK…wZK Aven weivRgvb| †ek cwiYZ I msnZ Mí¸‡jv‡Z cÖK…wZ eY©bv Avjv`vfv‡e †bB| Z‡e M‡íi PwiÎvejx, NUbv cÖevn, cwicvk¦©, cU I cUf‚wgi m‡½ cÖK…wZ A½vw½fv‡e Rwo‡q Av‡Q| bvg †_‡KI †evSv hvq M‡íi wbmM© cÖeYZv|
bRi“j g~jZ Kwe| KwemËv I KweZ¡ Zvi M‡í cÖejfv‡e cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i‡Q; d‡j e¨_vi `vb I wi‡³i †e`‡bi Mífvlv n‡q D‡V‡Q Kve¨gq, Av‡eMNb I Avj¼vwiK| cÖavbZ ga¨Gwkqvi gi“gq cÖK…wZi wewPÎZvi Kvwe¨K eY©bv Amvgvb¨ fvlvq Dc¯’vwcZ| G‡¶‡Î evOjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨ Zv GL‡bv AwØZxq wkíKg© n‡q Av‡Q| cÖkœ DV‡Z cv‡i evOjvi Kwe ev †jL‡Ki ¯^v‡`wkK wbmM© A¼‡bi Abycw¯’wZ wb‡q| KviY bRi“j evOjvi †jLK| G‡¶‡Î †`‡ki evB‡i gnvmg‡ii gv‡S bRi“‡ji Ae¯’vb, m¤ú„³Zv I AwfÁZvi ¯^Ztù‚Z© cÖKvk †mB cÖ‡kœi Reve n‡Z cv‡i| cieZ©xKv‡j MíKvi cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib evOjvi Avengvb I Pjgvb Rxe‡b, wbm‡M© I Avcb Ave‡n| †jŠwKKZv-A‡jŠwKKZv, MÖvgxY cÖK…wZ I Rxeb¯ú›`‡bi Mífvl¨ wbg©v‡Y bRi“j evOjv mvwn‡Z¨ GKRb mdj wkíx| n
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